Refraction is the changing of direction and speed of a wave due to medium. The index of refraction is found by dividing the speed of light in a vacuum by the speed of light in the medium. The larger the index of refraction is, the slower light moves through the object.
When going from a fast medium to a slow medium, the light will bend towards the normal, or the perpendicular intersect of the surface the light is entering.
Converging lenses are like goggles. They make light converge further up then it normally would. In water, the index number is higher then it would be in air so the light would have to go further before it intersects. To focus that light, people wear goggles if they want to see under water. Diverging lenses make light spread out.
--will update with pictures for the last few posts--
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